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Ask the TEXperts

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Ask Jim

Dr. Jim Watson, Associate Director of TexED and TexLabs, joined TexED in 1993. He has worked in the textiles industry for over 40 years. He uses his vast experience to develop textiles-based professional development courses and to develop tailored training programs to meet each client's unique needs. In addition to his education and training work, Jim oversees TexLabs, the applied research arm of the College of Textiles. Jim received his Bachelor of Science degree in Textiles from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1963 and his Doctor of Business Administration from California Coast University in 2006.

Q:    How can the tendency of a woven fabric to pill be reduced?

A:    All fabric users and their suppliers would like to have a reduced tendency for the fabrics to pill, or form small balls of fiber on the surface of the fabric, when the fabric is subjected to an abrasive force. For instance, the hip pockets of men’s pants, especially the where the wallet is carried, exhibit a high degree of pilling tendencies. The small balls disturb the surface look and neatness of the fabric and the abrasion slowly destroys the fabric in the abraded area. How can this condition be minimized?

The first item to look at is the fiber used to make the yarn and fabric. Fibers with greater strength form pills which are difficult to break off the fabric and remain to disturb the appearance of the fabric. Weaker fibers will pill and then break off much easier and will maintain a neater appearance in the abraded area for a longer period of time. For instance, polyester fibers are stronger than cotton fibers, and when abraded they tend to be hard to remove. The weaker cotton fibers will pill and will tend to break off easily with continued abrasion.

The amount of yarn twist in the yarn in a given fabric will also influence the tendency of that fabric to pill. Yarns with more twist turns per inch in the yarn resist the force of abrasion and will have the fibers bound more tightly in the yarn making the fibers less likely to form pills. So if pilling is a problem, and if one has the option to do so, increasing the twist can assist with the pilling resistance. We must keep in mind however that increasing twist comes at a cost as it requires a decrease in the delivery speed of the spinning machine. The need to increase pilling resistance must be great enough to justify the increased cost of the increased twist.Yarn hairiness also affects the tendency to pill. Hairiness is a term which refers to the amount of fiber which does not get locked into the fiber bundle well and some fiber ends are projecting off the surface of the yarn. This condition is characteristic of the ring spinning process. The hairs tend to make the yarn appear to be bulkier and fuller looking while yielding a softer feeling yarn. But, the hairiness can lend itself to less resistance to pilling than the other less hairy yarns produced on the other spinning systems. Air jet spun yarns are less hairy and will have a lower tendency to pill.

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Ask Marissa

Marissa Langford, Business Development Specialist for TexED, began her career in process engineering in the textiles industry. While Marissa's early training and experience was in manufacturing, she has worked almost exclusively with service based organizations during the last ten years, giving her a broad understanding of a variety of organizations and industries. Her varied experience enables her to help customers identify the appropriate training and service programs for them. As the Business Development Specialist for TexED, she routinely meets with customers and assesses industry trends to insure the programs offered meet customer needs. Marissa also trains and coaches Green Belts, Black Belts, executives and Champions. Marissa received her Bachelor of Science degree in Textile Engineering from NC State University in 1989 and her Master of Science in Textile Engineering with a minor in statistics in 1999.

Q:   The Master Black Belt at my organization provided me with a list of key deliverables for each phase of my Lean Six Sigma project. Based on this list, my team should conduct a stakeholders analysis during the Define phase of the project. Is this really necessary?

A:    In a word, YES! In my experience, one of the crucial mistakes made by many Lean Six Sigma teams is forgetting the how important importance of effectively managing change is to the success of all Lean Six Sigma projects. Many teams leap right into their project without identifying the project’s stakeholders or gaining a thorough understanding of their needs and expectations. This oversight immediately sets the project up for failure because the team doesn’t have the knowledge needed to effectively manage the organizational change that flows from a lean Lean six Six sigma Sigma project. The stakeholders analysis is often the first step in the change management process because it requires the team to reach out to the stakeholders to tell them about the project, their role in the project and the potential for change in the near future.

A thorough stakeholders analysis consists of two parts. The first part, and one that should be held confidential within the team, is the identification of each stakeholder, an assessment of their openness to change and a plan of action on how to manage those stakeholders who may be less willing to change. One Master Black Belt friend introduced me to the template she uses for this phase of the stakeholders analysis. She sketches a simple bell curve and divides it into four quadrants. The four quadrants, moving from left to right on the bell curve are: Innovators, Early Adopters, Late Adopters and Resistors. As the team names each stakeholder, the stakeholder is placed in the appropriate quadrant of the bell curve. The team then decides how to best approach and manage those stakeholders in the Late Adopter and Resistor quadrants. During this analysis, the facilitator must make certain the assessments are honest while not being perceived as personal attacks on individuals.

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December Events

Nonwoven Manufacturing Fundamentals
December 6-10, 2010
College of Textiles
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Textiles Overview
December 7-9, 2010
College of Textiles
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Effective Design and Analysis of Surveys
December 7-10, 2010
College of Textiles
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or
Register for Master Black Belt Credit


February Events

Design and Innovation with Computer Simulation
February 1-4, 2011
College of Textiles
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or
Register for Master Black Belt Credit


Nonwoven Micro and Nanofiber Production
February 7-10, 2011
College of Textiles
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Lean Six Sigma Green Belt with Minitab
February 7-11, 2011
College of Textiles
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Lean Six Sigma Black Belt with Minitab
February 7-11, 2011
College of Textiles
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Textile Fundamentals
February 14-18, 2011
College of Textiles
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March Events

Forensic Photography Workshop
March 8-10, 2011
College of Textiles
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Design for Six Sigma
March 8-11, 2011
College of Textiles
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or
Register for Master Black Belt Credit


Fundamentals of Technical Fabrics
March 22-25, 2011
College of Textiles
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Textiles Technology Certificate Program
-TexED awards 3 certificates

The Textile Technology Certificate Program has three new graduates. On October 14, 2010, certificates were awarded to the following recipients -

Amy Bicica, U.S. Army, Natick Soldier RD&E Center
Libby Richardson, U.S. Army, Aberdeen Test Center
Wade Simpkins, U.S. Army, Natick Soldier RD&E Center

The Textile Technology Certificate Program requires that perticipants take 5 textile professional development courses in a 3-year period. These courses are selected from a list of core and elective courses, allowing participants to tailor the program to fit their needs. To date, TexED has awarded certificates to eleven recipients.

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Master Black Belt Recognition

Congratulations to two new Master Black Belts! Aaron Guillory of FiberVisions and James Sidden, II of Moses Cone Health Care System were awarded Master Black Belt Certification at the 8th Annual Lean Six Sigma Forum.

Master Black Belt Certification requires candidates to attend five weeks of training and to compile a comprehensive portfolio showcasing their teaching, mentoring and project work. Recently, the Master Black Belt Program at NC State University underwent major restructing, resulting in the development of a 2-week core training course. This new course, paired with 3 electives, provides Master Black Belt candidates a solid skill set with the flexibility to tailor their training.

To date, NC State University has trained more than 300 Master Black Belts and certified 43 individuals as Master Black Belts.

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Textiles Extension for Economic Development
College of Textiles 2415, Box 8301
NC State University Campus
Raleigh, NC 27695