Scientifically designed protocols used to determine subjective ratings or rankings of fabric softness are also conducted in the laboratory. These studies analyze tactile response to the texture, softness, and other hand properties of fabric materials. Human panel evaluations, used in conjunction with the KES are useful for engineering desirable hand qualities into textile materials.

Kawabata Evaluation System

The Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) is used to make objective measurements of hand properties. The KES instruments measure mechanical properties that correspond to the fundamental deformation of fabrics in hand manipulation. Five different tests can be performed using KES and the main mechanical characteristics produced, are described below.

A standard specimen size of 20 x 20 cm is used in three replications. All measurements are directional, except for compression, and are made in both the lengthwise direction, and in the crosswise direction of the sample. Appropriate instrument settings are used for the material being tested.